UNO

ESTABLISHED ON :24 OCT 1945

HEAD QUARTERS: NEWYORK

MEMBERSHIP: 192 MEMBERS

OFFICIAL LANGUAGE:CHINESE, ARABIC, RUSSIA , SPANISH , ENGLISH, FRENCH

SECRETARY GENRAL: BAN KIMOON(SOUTH KOREA)

The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of Nations.

The organization has six principal organs:

1) The General Assembly (the main deliberative assembly);



2)The Security Council (for deciding certain resolutions for peace and security);



3)The Economic and Social Council (for assisting in promoting international economic and social cooperation and development);



4) The Secretariat (for providing studies, information, and facilities needed by the UN);



5) The International Court of Justice (the primary judicial organ); and



6)The United Nations Trusteeship Council (which is currently inactive).


Franklin D. Roosevelt first coined the term 'United Nations' as a term to describe the Allied countries.

The UN officially came into existence on 24 October 1945 upon ratification of the Charter by the five permanent members of the Security Council—France, the Republic of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States—and by a majority of the other 46 signatories.

The first meetings of the General Assembly, with 51 nations represented, and the Security Council, took place in Westminster Central Hall in London in January 1946.

The United Nations system is based on five principal organs (formerly six – the Trusteeship Council suspended operations in 1994);

General Assembly:

Composed of all United Nations member states, the assembly meets in regular yearly sessions under a president elected from among the member states. Over a two-week period at the start of each session, all members have the opportunity to address the assembly. Traditionally, the Secretary-General makes the first statement, followed by the president of the assembly. The first session was convened on 10 January 1946 in the Westminster Central Hall in London and included representatives of 51 nations.

When the General Assembly votes on important questions, a two-thirds majority of those present and voting is required
..
The Secretary-General is appointed by the General Assembly, after being recommended by the Security Council, any member of which can veto,^[12] and the General Assembly can theoretically override the Security Council's recommendation if a majority vote is not achieved, although this has not happened so far.

Economic and Social Council:

The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) assists the General Assembly in promoting international economic and social cooperation and development. ECOSOC has 54 members, all of which are elected by the General Assembly for a three-year term.

Secretaries-General of the United Nations^[14]

No.	Name	Country of origin	Took office	Left office	Note
1	Trygve Lie	Norway	2 February 1946	10 November 1952	Resigned; First Secretary-General from Scandinavia
2	Dag Hammarskjöld	Sweden	10 April 1953	18 September 1961	Died while in office
3	U Thant	Burma	30 November 1961	1 January 1972	First Secretary-General from Asia
4	Kurt Waldheim	Austria	1 January 1972	1 January 1982
5	Javier Pérez de Cuéllar	Peru	1 January 1982	1 January 1992	First Secretary-General from South America
6	Boutros Boutros-Ghali	Egypt	1 January 1992	1 January 1997	First Secretary-General from Africa
7	Kofi Annan	Ghana	1 January 1997	1 January 2007
8	Ban Ki-moon	South Korea	1 January 2007	Incumbent

Specialized agencies of the United Nations

No.	Acronyms	Flag	Agency	Headquarters	Head	Established in
1	FAO		Food and Agriculture Organization	Rome, Italy	Jacques Diouf	1945
2	IAEA		International Atomic Energy Agency	Vienna, Austria	Yukiya Amano	1957
3	ICAO		International Civil Aviation Organization	Montreal, Canada	Raymond Benjamin	1947
4	IFAD		International Fund for Agricultural Development	Rome, Italy	Kanayo F. Nwanze	1977
5	ILO		International Labour Organization	Geneva, Switzerland	Juan Somavía	1946 (1919)
6	IMO		International Maritime Organization	London, United Kingdom	Efthimios E. Mitropoulos	1948
7	IMF		International Monetary Fund	Washington, D.C., USA	Dominique Strauss-Kahn	1945 (1944)
8	ITU		International Telecommunication Union	Geneva, Switzerland	Hamadoun Touré	1947 (1865)
9	UNESCO		United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization	Paris, France	Irina Bokova	1946
10	UNIDO		United Nations Industrial Development Organization	Vienna, Austria	Kandeh Yumkella	1967
11	UPU		Universal Postal Union	Berne, Switzerland	Edouard Dayan	1947 (1874)
12	WB		World Bank	Washington, D.C, USA	Robert B. Zoellick	1945 (1944)
13	WFP		World Food Programme	Rome, Italy	Josette Sheeran	1963
14	WHO		World Health Organization	Geneva, Switzerland	Margaret Chan	1948
15	WIPO		World Intellectual Property Organization	Geneva, Switzerland	Francis Gurry	1974
16	WMO		World Meteorological Organization	Geneva, Switzerland	Alexander Bedritsky	1950 (1873)
17	UNWTO		World Tourism Organization	Madrid, Spain	Taleb Rifai	1974

With the addition of Montenegro on 28 June 2006, there are currently 192 United Nations member states, including all fully recognized independent states^[18] apart from Vatican City (the Holy See, which holds sovereignty over the state of Vatican City, is a permanent observer)