flourine,chlorine --gas at room temperature
Bromide--liquid at room temperature.
Iodide--solid at room temperature.
Thursday, July 29, 2010
halogens
flourine,chlorine --gas at room temperature
Bromide--liquid at room temperature.
Iodide--solid at room temperature.
tamilnadu
TAMILNADU:
DETROIT OF ASIA:CHENNAI.
dalmia cements: ariyalur
chettinad cement:karur,
The town of Sivakasi is a leader in the areas of printing, fireworks, and safety matches. It was
fondly called as Kutty Japan or "little Japan" by Jawaharlal Nehru.
DETROIT OF ASIA:CHENNAI.
dalmia cements: ariyalur
chettinad cement:karur,
The town of Sivakasi is a leader in the areas of printing, fireworks, and safety matches. It was
fondly called as Kutty Japan or "little Japan" by Jawaharlal Nehru.
indian polity questions-3
1. The Attorney General of India is appointed by—
(A) Chief Justice of India
(B) The Prime Minister
(C) The President of India
(D) The UPSC
2. The President of India can nominate to the Rajya Sabha—
(A) 6 members
(B) 9 members
(C) 12 members
(D) 15 members
3. Which of the following states/union territories have a common High Court ?
(A) Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
(B) Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir
(C) Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh
(D) Assam and Bengal
4. The most controversial amendment passed during the emergency was—
(A) 43rd
(B) 41st
(C) 42nd
(D) 44th
5. The Union Cabinet is responsible to—
(A) The Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha
(B) The President of India
(C) The Lok Sabha only
(D) The electorate
6. The Governor of a state in India is—
(A) Directly elected by the people of the state
(B) Appointed by the Prime Minister
(C) Appointed by the President
(D) Appointed by the State Chief Minister
7. The total number of members of legislative council can in no case be less than—
(A) 40
(B) 60
(C) 50
(D) No minimum strength has been fixed
8. The right to vote in India is given to all people on the basis of—
(A) Education
(B) Age
(C) Property
(D) Religion
9. The maximum strength of the Legislative Assembly of a state is—
(A) 450
(B) 500
(C) 400
(D) 525
10. Parliamentary system in India has been borrowed from which country ?
(A) America
(B) Britain
(C) Australia
(D) Ireland
11. How many members of Rajya Sabha are nominated by the President ?
(A) 12
(B) 15
(C) 10
(D) 20
12. Which of the following is not a Fundamental Right ?
(A) Right against exploitation
(B) Equal pay for equal work
(C) Equality before law
(D) Right to freedom of religion
13. Panchyati Raj is organised at the—
(A) Block level
(B) Village and block level
(C) Village, block and district level
(D) Village, block, district and state level
14. Which of the following courts is responsible for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights ?
(A) Supreme Court
(B) High Court
(C) District Court
(D) Both (A) and (B) above
15. Consider the following statements—
1. In Part IX of the constitution of India, there is no provision of reservation for women in any seat to be filled by direct election in every Panchayat.
2. The Eleventh schedule of the constitution of India distributes power between the state legislature and the panchayat just as the seventh schedule distributes powers between the union of India and the states.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2
16. Consider the following statements–
1. The Governor of a state may reserve a Bill for consideration of the President of India.
2. The Governor of a state is competent to withdraw an ordinace issued in the state at any time.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2
17. Consider the following statements—
1. In the Parliamentary system of India. If the President of India returns a Bill for reconsideration
of the Houses; and both the Houses pass the Bill again without any amendment and the Bill is again presented to the President, the President has the power to with hold his assent from the Bill.
2. As per the constitution of India the union council of ministers is responsible both to the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2
18. The well-known case of Keshavananda Bharti vs The state of Kerala related to which one of the following issues ?
(A) Acquiring private land for Government use
(B) Exploitation of women at work place
(C) Basic feature of the constitution of India
(D) Reservation of jobs for the OBCs in the Government service
19. Assertion (A) : In the Indian system, the executive cannot impose any tax without legislative sanction.
Reason (R) : It is expressly laid down by our constitution that no tax can be imposed unless it is authorised by an appropriation Act.
Codes :
(A) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true
20. Consider the following statements—
1. The design of the National flag of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 22nd
July, 1947.
2. The National Anthem was first sung on 27th December, 1911 at the Calcutta Session of Indian National Congress.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2
ANSWERS:
1)-c
2)-c
3)-c
4)-c
5)-c
6)-c
7)-a
8)-b
9)-b
10)-b
11)-a
12)-b
13)-c
14)-a
15)-d
16)-c
17)-d
18)-c
19)-c
20)-c
(A) Chief Justice of India
(B) The Prime Minister
(C) The President of India
(D) The UPSC
2. The President of India can nominate to the Rajya Sabha—
(A) 6 members
(B) 9 members
(C) 12 members
(D) 15 members
3. Which of the following states/union territories have a common High Court ?
(A) Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
(B) Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir
(C) Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh
(D) Assam and Bengal
4. The most controversial amendment passed during the emergency was—
(A) 43rd
(B) 41st
(C) 42nd
(D) 44th
5. The Union Cabinet is responsible to—
(A) The Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha
(B) The President of India
(C) The Lok Sabha only
(D) The electorate
6. The Governor of a state in India is—
(A) Directly elected by the people of the state
(B) Appointed by the Prime Minister
(C) Appointed by the President
(D) Appointed by the State Chief Minister
7. The total number of members of legislative council can in no case be less than—
(A) 40
(B) 60
(C) 50
(D) No minimum strength has been fixed
8. The right to vote in India is given to all people on the basis of—
(A) Education
(B) Age
(C) Property
(D) Religion
9. The maximum strength of the Legislative Assembly of a state is—
(A) 450
(B) 500
(C) 400
(D) 525
10. Parliamentary system in India has been borrowed from which country ?
(A) America
(B) Britain
(C) Australia
(D) Ireland
11. How many members of Rajya Sabha are nominated by the President ?
(A) 12
(B) 15
(C) 10
(D) 20
12. Which of the following is not a Fundamental Right ?
(A) Right against exploitation
(B) Equal pay for equal work
(C) Equality before law
(D) Right to freedom of religion
13. Panchyati Raj is organised at the—
(A) Block level
(B) Village and block level
(C) Village, block and district level
(D) Village, block, district and state level
14. Which of the following courts is responsible for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights ?
(A) Supreme Court
(B) High Court
(C) District Court
(D) Both (A) and (B) above
15. Consider the following statements—
1. In Part IX of the constitution of India, there is no provision of reservation for women in any seat to be filled by direct election in every Panchayat.
2. The Eleventh schedule of the constitution of India distributes power between the state legislature and the panchayat just as the seventh schedule distributes powers between the union of India and the states.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2
16. Consider the following statements–
1. The Governor of a state may reserve a Bill for consideration of the President of India.
2. The Governor of a state is competent to withdraw an ordinace issued in the state at any time.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2
17. Consider the following statements—
1. In the Parliamentary system of India. If the President of India returns a Bill for reconsideration
of the Houses; and both the Houses pass the Bill again without any amendment and the Bill is again presented to the President, the President has the power to with hold his assent from the Bill.
2. As per the constitution of India the union council of ministers is responsible both to the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2
18. The well-known case of Keshavananda Bharti vs The state of Kerala related to which one of the following issues ?
(A) Acquiring private land for Government use
(B) Exploitation of women at work place
(C) Basic feature of the constitution of India
(D) Reservation of jobs for the OBCs in the Government service
19. Assertion (A) : In the Indian system, the executive cannot impose any tax without legislative sanction.
Reason (R) : It is expressly laid down by our constitution that no tax can be imposed unless it is authorised by an appropriation Act.
Codes :
(A) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true
20. Consider the following statements—
1. The design of the National flag of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 22nd
July, 1947.
2. The National Anthem was first sung on 27th December, 1911 at the Calcutta Session of Indian National Congress.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2
ANSWERS:
1)-c
2)-c
3)-c
4)-c
5)-c
6)-c
7)-a
8)-b
9)-b
10)-b
11)-a
12)-b
13)-c
14)-a
15)-d
16)-c
17)-d
18)-c
19)-c
20)-c
indian polity questions -2
1. Consider the following statements—
1. The Constitution of India classifies the members of the council of union ministers into three ranks.
2. A members of Rajya Sabha can be chosen as a union minister and he enjoys the right to vote in the Lok Sabha.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2
2. Consider the following statements—
1. The Comptroller and Auditor General of India can be removed only on an address from both Houses of Parliament.
2. In India, the Comptroller and Auditor General has no control over the issue of money from the consolidated fund of India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2
3. Consider the following statements—
1. For a person to be eligible for election as the Vice-President of India, he must be qualified for election as a member of the Rajya Sabha.
2. No person has ever been elected as the Vice-President of India for a second term.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2
4. Which of the following are included in the Constitution of India as the directive principles of state policy ?
1. Separation of judiciary from executive.
2. Participation of workers in management of industry.
3. Equal justice and free legal aid.
Select the correct answer using the code given below—
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3
5. Magna Carta in England led to the Development of—
(A) Constitutional law
(B) International law
(C) Labour law
(D) Criminal law
6. Which one of the following countries does not follow the West Minster system of Parliament ?
(A) Malaysia
(B) Singapore
(C) Australia
(D) Switzerland
7. Who was the protem Chairman of the Constituent Assembly of India ?
(A) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
(B) C. Raja Gopalachari
(C) Dr. Sachchidanand Sinha
(D) Jawaharlal Nehru
8. The idea of Directive principles of state policy has been borrowed from the Constitution of—
(A) Japan
(B) Canada
(C) France
(D) Ireland
9. Which of the following states does not bear Panchayati Raj System ?
(A) Mizoram
(B) Haryana
(C) Kerala
(D) Karnataka
10. When did the Akali Movement start ?
(A) 1901
(B) 1911
(C) 1921
(D) 1931
11. The Panchayati Raj Institution at the block level is known as—
(A) Gram Panchayat
(B) Panchayat Samiti
(C) Zilla Parishad
(D) None of the above
12. Who was the Chairman of the Constituent Assembly of India ?
(A) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
(B) C. Rajagopalachari
(C) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(D) Jawaharlal Nehru
13. Which part of the following is described as the soul of Indian Constitution ?
(A) Directive principles of state policy
(B) The preamble of the Constitution
(C) Fundamental rights
(D) None of the above
14. The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and—
(A) 12 judges
(B) 15 judges
(C) 20 judges
(D) 30 judges
15. Which one of the following is not a constitutional body ?
(A) Election Commission
(B) Union Public Service Commission
(C) Planning Commission
(D) Finance Commission
16. The approach paper for the 11th five year plan of India was approved by National Development Council in its meeting held on—
(A) 7th November
(B) 20th November
(C) 9th December
(D) 10th January
17. Members of Constituent Assembly were—
(A) Elected by provincial assemblies
(B) Elected directly by people
(C) Nominated by government
(D) Represented only by the princely states
18. The Directive Principles of State Policy of India have similarity with—
(A) The Constitution of U. K.
(B) The Constitution of U. S. A.
(C) The Constitution of Ireland
(D) None of the above
19. No. of municipal towns in West Bengal, at present—
(A) 119
(B) 104
(C) 256
(D) 191
20. Under which article of the Constitution of India can the Indian Parliament make laws under the residuary powers ?
(A) Article 248
(B) Article 249
(C) Article 250
(D) Article 251
answers:
1)-d
2)-c
3)-a
4)-d
5)-a
6)-d
7)-c
8)-d
9)-a
10)-c
11)-b
12)-c
13)-b
14)-d
15)-c
16)-c
17)-a
18)-c
19)-
20)-a
1. The Constitution of India classifies the members of the council of union ministers into three ranks.
2. A members of Rajya Sabha can be chosen as a union minister and he enjoys the right to vote in the Lok Sabha.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2
2. Consider the following statements—
1. The Comptroller and Auditor General of India can be removed only on an address from both Houses of Parliament.
2. In India, the Comptroller and Auditor General has no control over the issue of money from the consolidated fund of India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2
3. Consider the following statements—
1. For a person to be eligible for election as the Vice-President of India, he must be qualified for election as a member of the Rajya Sabha.
2. No person has ever been elected as the Vice-President of India for a second term.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2
4. Which of the following are included in the Constitution of India as the directive principles of state policy ?
1. Separation of judiciary from executive.
2. Participation of workers in management of industry.
3. Equal justice and free legal aid.
Select the correct answer using the code given below—
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3
5. Magna Carta in England led to the Development of—
(A) Constitutional law
(B) International law
(C) Labour law
(D) Criminal law
6. Which one of the following countries does not follow the West Minster system of Parliament ?
(A) Malaysia
(B) Singapore
(C) Australia
(D) Switzerland
7. Who was the protem Chairman of the Constituent Assembly of India ?
(A) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
(B) C. Raja Gopalachari
(C) Dr. Sachchidanand Sinha
(D) Jawaharlal Nehru
8. The idea of Directive principles of state policy has been borrowed from the Constitution of—
(A) Japan
(B) Canada
(C) France
(D) Ireland
9. Which of the following states does not bear Panchayati Raj System ?
(A) Mizoram
(B) Haryana
(C) Kerala
(D) Karnataka
10. When did the Akali Movement start ?
(A) 1901
(B) 1911
(C) 1921
(D) 1931
11. The Panchayati Raj Institution at the block level is known as—
(A) Gram Panchayat
(B) Panchayat Samiti
(C) Zilla Parishad
(D) None of the above
12. Who was the Chairman of the Constituent Assembly of India ?
(A) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
(B) C. Rajagopalachari
(C) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(D) Jawaharlal Nehru
13. Which part of the following is described as the soul of Indian Constitution ?
(A) Directive principles of state policy
(B) The preamble of the Constitution
(C) Fundamental rights
(D) None of the above
14. The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and—
(A) 12 judges
(B) 15 judges
(C) 20 judges
(D) 30 judges
15. Which one of the following is not a constitutional body ?
(A) Election Commission
(B) Union Public Service Commission
(C) Planning Commission
(D) Finance Commission
16. The approach paper for the 11th five year plan of India was approved by National Development Council in its meeting held on—
(A) 7th November
(B) 20th November
(C) 9th December
(D) 10th January
17. Members of Constituent Assembly were—
(A) Elected by provincial assemblies
(B) Elected directly by people
(C) Nominated by government
(D) Represented only by the princely states
18. The Directive Principles of State Policy of India have similarity with—
(A) The Constitution of U. K.
(B) The Constitution of U. S. A.
(C) The Constitution of Ireland
(D) None of the above
19. No. of municipal towns in West Bengal, at present—
(A) 119
(B) 104
(C) 256
(D) 191
20. Under which article of the Constitution of India can the Indian Parliament make laws under the residuary powers ?
(A) Article 248
(B) Article 249
(C) Article 250
(D) Article 251
answers:
1)-d
2)-c
3)-a
4)-d
5)-a
6)-d
7)-c
8)-d
9)-a
10)-c
11)-b
12)-c
13)-b
14)-d
15)-c
16)-c
17)-a
18)-c
19)-
20)-a
indian polity questions -1
1. Who, amongst the following, was the Chairperson of the Drafting Committee set up by the Constituent Assembly ?
(A) Jawaharlal Nehru
(B) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(C) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
(D) None of the above
2. The executive powers of the state are vested in the governor under article of the Constitution—
(A) Article 154 (1)
(B) Article 155
(C) Article 14
(D) Article 356
3. During which of the following periods did the Constituent Assembly deliberate upon finalization of the Constitution of India ?
(A) November, 1946 – November, 1949
(B) November, 1947 – November, 1949
(C) December, 1946 – November, 1949
(D) December, 1947 – November, 1949
4. Number of districts in West Bengal at present is—
(A) 18
(B) 19
(C) 17
(D) 16
5. Number of Panchayat Samities in West Bengal at present is—
(A) 341
(B) 344
(C) 333
(D) 334
6. How many members were initially there in the Constituent Assembly of India ?
(A) 300
(B) 304
(C) 308
(D) 310
7. The Government of West Bengal introduced democratic elections to the local bodies in—
(A) 1977
(B) 1978
(C) 1979
(D) 1980
8. Which of the following was the biggest source for the Constitution of India ?
(A) The Government of India Act, 1919
(B) The Government of India Act, 1935
(C) The Indian Independence Act, 1947
(D) None of the above
9. In which year did the Supreme Court of India dismiss the petitions of the cement, fertilizer and sugar industries challenging the jute packing material Act, 1987 ?
(A) 1980
(B) 1990
(C) 1993
(D) 1996
10. The union ministers hold office during the pleasure of—
(A) The President
(B) The Prime Minister
(C) The Speaker of the Lok Sabha
(D) The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India
11. What was the number of the princely states in India at the time of partition ?
(A) 555
(B) 558
(C) 560
(D) 562
12. Which of the following is true for the Indian judicial system ?
(A) It is controlled by the Parliament
(B) The Supreme Court of India is controlled by the Parliament and the High Courts are controlled by the State Legislative Assemblies
(C) It is an independent institution
(D) None of the above
13. Who is the 37th Chief Justice of India ?
(A) Ram Jethmalani
(B) Y. K. Sabharwal
(C) Bijubhai Patnaik
(D) K. G. Balkrishnan
14. The Finance Commission is constituted under arti-0cle.……....... of the constitution of India.
(A) 275
(B) 280
(C) 282
(D) None of the above
15. In which general election did the Congress Party lose majority in the Parliament for the first time ?
(A) 1967
(B) 1977
(C) 1980
(D) None of the above
16. Who was the President of India at the time of proclamation of emergency in the year 1976 ?
(A) V. V. Giri
(B) Giani Zail Singh
(C) Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad
(D) Shankar Dayal Sharma
17. Assertion (A) : The number of the members of the Union Public Service Commission is prescribed in the constitution of India.
Reason (R) : The Union Public Service Commission was constituted under the provisions in the
Constitution of India.
Codes :
(A) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true
18. Which one of the following statements is not correct ?
(A) The Vice-President of India holds office for a period of five years
(B) The Vice-President of India can be removed by a simple majority of votes passed in the Rajya Sabha only
(C) The Vice-President of India continues to be in office even after the expiry of his term till his successor talkes over
(D) The Supreme Court of India has to look into all disputes with regard to the election the Vice-President of India
19. Consider the following statements :
1. A money bill cannot be introduced in the Council of States.
2. The Council of States cannot reject a money bill nor amend it.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2
20. Which one of the following is not a parliamentary committee ?
(A) Demands for grants committee
(B) Committee on public accounts
(C) Committee on public under takings
(D) Committee on estimates
1)-c
2)-a
3)-c
4)-b
5)-a
6)-a
7)-d
8)--b
9)-c
10)-a
11)-d
12)-c
13)-d
14)-b
15)-b
16)-c
17)-d
18)-b
19)-c
20)-a
Wednesday, July 28, 2010
National Programme for Control of Blindness
National Programme for Control of Blindness was launched in the year 1976 as a 100% Centrally Sponsored scheme with the goal to reduce the prevalence of blindness from 1.4% to 0.3%. As per Survey in 2001-02, prevalence of blindness is estimated to be 1.1%. Target for the 10th Plan is to reduce prevalence of blindness to 0.8% by 2007 prevalence of Blindness is 1% (2006-07 Survey).
The objectives of the programme are: -
The objectives of the programme are: -
§ To reduce the backlog of blindness through identification and treatment of blind;
§ To develop Eye Care facilities in every district,
§ To develop human resources for providing Eye Care Services;
§ To improve quality of service delivery;
ASHA
One of the key components of the National Rural Health Mission is to provide every village in the country with a trained female community health activist – ‘ASHA’ or Accredited Social Health Activist. Selected from the village itself and accountable to it, the ASHA will be trained to work as an interface between the community and the public health system. Following are the key components of ASHA:
¨ ASHA must primarily be a woman resident of the village – married/ widowed/ divorced, preferably in the age group of 25 to 45 years.
kishori shakti yojana
Kishori Shakti Yojana (KSY) seeks to empower adolescent girls, so as to enable them to take charge of their lives. It is viewed as a holistic initiative for the development of adolescent girls. The programme through its interventions aims at bringing about a difference in the lives of the adolescent girls. It seeks to provide them with an opportunity to realize their full potential.
This scheme is a redesign of the already existing Adolescent Girls (AG) Scheme being implemented as a component under the centrally sponsored Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme. The new scheme dramatically extends the coverage of the earlier scheme with significant content enrichment, strengthens the training component, particularly in skill development, aspects aimed at empowerment and enhanced self-perception. It also fosters convergence with other sectoral programmes, addressing the interrelated needs of adolescent girls and women.
Objective: The broad objectives of the Scheme are to improve the nutritional, health and development status of adolescent girls, promote awareness of health, hygiene, nutrition and family care, link them to opportunities for learning life skills, going back to school, help them gain a better understanding of their social environment and take initiatives to become productive members of the society.
Target Group Adolescent Girls (11-18 yrs.)
Janani Suraksha Yojana
Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is a safe motherhood intervention under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) being implemented with the objective of reducing maternal and neo-natal mortality by promoting institutional delivery among the poor pregnant women. The Yojana, launched on 12th April 2005, by the Hon’ble Prime Minister, is being implemented in all states and UTs with special focus on low performing states.
2. JSY is a 100 % centrally sponsored scheme and it integrates cash assistance with delivery and post-delivery care. The success of the scheme would be determined by the increase in institutional delivery among the poor families
universal immunization programme
The Universal Immunizatioin Programme (UIP) was launched in 1985 to provide universal coverage of infants and pregnant women with immunization against identified vaccine preventable diseases. From the year 1992-93, the UIP has been strengthened and expanded into the Child Survival and Safe Motherhood(CSSM) Project. It involves sustaining the high immunization coverage level under UIP, and augmenting activities under oral rehydration therapy, prophylaxis for control of blindness in children and control of acute respiratory infection. Under the Safe Motherhood component, training of traditional birth attendants, provision of aseptic delivery kits and strengthening of first referral units to deal with high risk and obstetric emergencies are being taken up. The Child Survival component of the CSSM Programme has helped in reducing the prevalence of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, deaths from dehydration and due to Diarrhea and ARI.
ICDS
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme
Launched on 2nd October 1975, today, ICDS Scheme represents one of the world’s largest and most unique programmes for early childhood development. ICDS is the foremost symbol of India’s commitment to her children – India’s response to the challenge of providing pre-school education on one hand and breaking the vicious cycle of malnutrition, morbidity, reduced learning capacity and mortality, on the other.
1. Objectives: The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme was launched in 1975 with the following objectives:
- to improve the nutritional and health status of children in the age-group 0-6 years;
- to lay the foundation for proper psychological, physical and social development of the child;
- to reduce the incidence of mortality, morbidity, malnutrition and school dropout;
- to achieve effective co-ordination of policy and implementation amongst the various departments to promote child development; and
- to enhance the capability of the mother to look after the normal health and nutritional needs of the child through proper nutrition and health education.
2. Services: The above objectives are sought to be achieved through a package of services comprising:
- supplementary nutrition,
- immunization,
- health check-up,
- referral services,
- pre-school non-formal education and
- nutrition & health education.
The concept of providing a package of services is based primarily on the consideration that the overall impact will be much larger if the different services develop in an integrated manner as the efficacy of a particular service depends upon the support it receives from related services.
| Services | Target Group | Service Provided by |
| Supplementary Nutrition | Children below 6 years: Pregnant & Lactating Mother (P&LM) | Anganwadi Worker and Anganwadi Helper |
| Immunization* | Children below 6 years: Pregnant & Lactating Mother (P&LM) | ANM/MO |
| Health Check-up* | Children below 6 years: Pregnant & Lactating Mother (P&LM) | ANM/MO/AWW |
| Referral Services | Children below 6 years: Pregnant & Lactating Mother (P&LM) | AWW/ANM/MO |
| Pre-School Education | Children 3-6 years | AWW |
| Nutrition & Health Education | Women (15-45 years) | AWW/ANM/MO |
*AWW assists ANM in identifying the target group.
Three of the six services namely Immunisation, Health Check-up and Referral Services delivered through Public Health Infrastructure under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.
FAMILY WELFARE PROGRAMME
India launched the National Family Welfare Programme in 1951 with the objective of "reducing the birth rate to the extent necessary to stabilise the population at a level consistent with the requirement of the National economy.
"The Family Welfare Programme in India is recognised as a priority area, and is being implemented as a 100% Centrally sponsored programme. As per Constitution of India, Family Planning is in the Concurrent list. The approach under the programme during the First and Second Five Year Plans was mainly "Clinical" under which facilities for provision of services were created. However, on the basis of data brought out by the 1961 census, clinical approach adopted in the first two plans was replaced by "Extension and Education Approach" which envisaged expansion of services facilities along with spread of message of small family norm.
TAMILNADU:
The National Family Welfare Programme is being implemented in Tamil Nadu since 1956 purely on voluntary basis. It is viewed and implemented as people's programme aimed to raise the Standard of living of the people and improve the Maternal and Child Health and thereby reduce population growth. Tamil Nadu now follows the "Community Needs Assessment Approach" to implement the Family Welfare And Maternity Child Health programmes in the State.
SIPCOT
1)Bargur
2)Cheyyar
3)Cuddalore
4)gangaikondan
5)gummidipoondi
6)hosur
7)irungattukottai
8)manamadurai
9)nilakkottai
10)oragadam
11)perundurai
12)pudukkottai
13)ranipet
14)siruseri
15)sriperumbudur
16)thoothukudi
Tuesday, July 27, 2010
pedigree chart
pedigree chart is a history of a character in a family.it is drawn by using certain standards and symbols.it is also called as family tree.it helps to identify and visualize the course of genetic diseases in the progeny...
1)fibrosis. 2)phenylketonuria.
1)Fibrosis is the formation or development of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue as a reparative or reactive process, as opposed to a formation of fibrous tissue as a normal constituent of an organ or tissue.
2)
file:///D:/Documents%20and%20Settings/vijay/Desktop/pedigree_chart.pdf
1)fibrosis. 2)phenylketonuria.
1)Fibrosis is the formation or development of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue as a reparative or reactive process, as opposed to a formation of fibrous tissue as a normal constituent of an organ or tissue.
2)
file:///D:/Documents%20and%20Settings/vijay/Desktop/pedigree_chart.pdf
smallest and longest bone
The biggest bone in the body is the femur in the upper leg, and the smallest is the stapes bone in the middle ear
stray feathers
Stray Feathers was a journal run single handedly by Allan Octavian Hume. He was said to have been extremely picky about the notes that went into it, to the point that he became known as the "Pope of Indian Ornithology".
prime minister fund
In pursuance of an appeal by the then Prime Minister, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru in January, 1948, the Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund (PMNRF) was established with public contributions to assist displaced persons from Pakistan. The resources of the PMNRF are now utilized primarily to render immediate relief to families of those killed in natural calamities like floods, cyclones and earthquakes, etc. and to the victims of the major accidents and riots. Assistance from PMNRF is also rendered for medical treatment like heart surgeries, kidney transplantation, cancer treatment, etc. The fund consists entirely of public contributions and does not get any budgetary support. The corpus of the fund is invested with banks in fixed deposits. Disbursements are made with the approval of the Prime Minister.
The National Defence Fund was set up to take charge of voluntary donations in cash and kind received for promotion of the national defence effort, and to decide on their utilisation. The Fund is used for the welfare of the members of the Armed Forces (including Para Military Forces) and their dependents. The Fund is administered by an Executive Committee, with PM as Chairperson, and Defence, Finance and Home Ministers as Members. Finance Minister is the Treasurer of the Fund and the Joint Secretary, PMO dealing with the subject is Secretary of the Executive Committee. Accounts of the Fund are kept with the Reserve Bank of India. The fund is entirely dependent on voluntary contributions from the public and does not get any budgetary support.
Monday, July 26, 2010
railway museum
The National Railway Museum (NRM) was set up in Feb 1977 and is over 20 years old today! It is situated at Chanakyapuri, New Delhi and is spread over 10 acres of land. The museum has a wide and varied collection of rare and antique steam locomotives, carriages, saloons and other railway artifacts.
water transport
Water Transport of India Most efficient, least costly and environment friendly means of transportation. The total length of navigable waterways in Indian comprising rivers, canals, backwaters, etc, is 14,500 km out of which 3700 km is navigable by mechanised boats. The government has recognised the following National Waterways of India:
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Air Transport of India
1. J.R.D. Tata was the first person to make a solo flight from Mumbai to Karachi in 1931.
2. In 1935, the 'Tata Air Lines' started its operation between Mumbai and Thiruvananthapuram and in 1937 between Mumbai and Delhi.
3. In 1953, all the private Airline companies were nationalised and Indian Airlines and Air India came into existence.
4. Air India administers international flights while Indian Airlines caters to the domestic circuit.
5. Indian Airlines is now known by the name of 'Indian'.
6. Vayudoot Limited started in 1981 as a private air carrier and later on it merged with Indian Airlines.
7. Pawan Hans Limited operates helicopter support services to oil sector, hill stations and remote areas.
8. A number of private airlines also operates is India. They are Jet Airways, Sahara, etc.
9. The Civil Aviation Centre in Fursatgarh near Allahabad provided, among other things, ground training to the pilots.
Airports in India
There are 12 International Airports in India:
- Begumpet Airport, Hyderabad
- Calicut International Airport, Calicut
- Chatrapati Shivaji International Airport, Mumbai
- Chennai International Airport, Chennai
- HAL Airport, Bangalore
- Goa Airport in Vasco da Gama city, Goa
- Lokpriya Gopinath Bordolio International Airport, Guwahati
- Indira Gandhi International Airport, Delhi
- Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport, Kolkata
- Rja Sansi International Airport, Amritsar
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport, Ahmedabad
- Thiruvananathapuram International Airport, Thiruvananathapuram
The Indira Gandhi International Airport and the Chatrapati Shivaji International Airport handle more than half of the air traffic in South Asia. Besides these airports several other domestic airports are located in India.
In total, there are more than 334 civilian airports in India - 238 with paved runways and 108 with unpaved runways.
railway
Indian railway system is the largest in Asia and the fourth largest in the world. It is the biggest departmental public undertaking in the country. The first train ran in India between Bombay and Thane, a stretch of 34 km. on April 16 1853. The Indian Railways celebrated its 150th anniversary on April 16, 2003. To commemorate the occasion, 16 Jan-Shatabadi inter-city express trains were announced to be inducted. The second train ran between Howrah and Hooghly in 1854. The headquarters of Indian Railway is in New Delhi. The first electric train in India was 'Deccan Queen'. It was introduced in 1929 between Bombay and Poona. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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